Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes in parts of Africa and South America. Vaccination is safe and effective and is a legal requirement for people travelling through infected areas. Avoiding mosquito bites is also recommended to reduce the risk of catching yellow fever or other mosquito-borne diseases.

The symptoms of yellow fever
The first symptoms of yellow fever appear three to six days after exposure to the virus. They include:

• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Flushed face
• Constipation
• Stomach ache
• Headache
• Muscle pain
• Restlessness and irritability.

Mild cases of yellow fever end with the above symptoms. In severe cases, there may be a remission from these symptoms for several hours or days. The fever then returns and the patient develops the classic symptoms of jaundice (yellow eyes and skin) and black, ‘coffee-ground’ vomit. This can be followed by coma and death within days.

Requirements and risks of vaccination
Yellow fever vaccine is safe and effective and lasts for 10 years. The vaccine, however, has some strict requirements. It should not be given to people who are:

• Allergic to eggs or neomycin.
• Immune-deficient.
• Pregnant.
• Under nine months of age - it should only be given to younger infants and pregnant women in unavoidable, high risk circumstances.

Reactions to the vaccine are generally mild and may include fever, headache and muscle ache which occur five to 14 days after immunisation. Serious side effects are rare, but any problems should be immediately referred to a doctor.and mostly in the joint replacement hospitals is available.

Reference : http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Travel_health_...

The hand and wrist have multiple small joints that work together to produce motion. This gives the fine motion needed to thread a needle or tie a shoelace. When the joints are affected by arthritis, activities of daily living can be difficult. Arthritis can occur in multiple areas of the hand and wrist. It can have multiple causes.

It is estimated that one out of every five people living in the United States has at least one joint with signs or symptoms of arthritis. About half of arthritis sufferers are under age 50. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States. It typically occurs from either disease or trauma. The exact number of people with arthritis in the hand and wrist is not known.

Cartilage works as nature's "shock absorber." It provides a smooth gliding surface for the joint in the  joint replacement hospitals. All arthritic joints lose cartilage. When the cartilage becomes worn or damaged, or is lost due to disease or trauma, the joint no longer has a painless, mobile area of motion.

The body attempts to make up for the lost cartilage. It produces fluid in the joint lining (synovium), which tries to act like a cushion, like water in a waterbed. But it also causes the joint to swell. This restricts motion. The swelling causes stretching of the joint covering (capsule), which causes pain.

Over time, if the arthritis is not treated, the bones that make up the joint can lose their normal shape. This causes more pain and further limits motion.

When arthritis occurs due to disease, the onset of symptoms is gradual and the cartilage decreases slowly. The two most common forms of arthritis from disease are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis is much more common and generally affects older people. It appears in a predictable pattern in certain joints. Rheumatoid arthritis has other system-wide symptoms and may be passed from parent to child (genetically).

Reference : http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00224

Medical Tourism : - Yellow Fever Vaccination Nagpur